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staveless runes
Staveless runes were the climax of the simplification process in the evolution of runic alphabets that had started when the Elder Futhark was superseded by the Younger Futhark.〔Enoksen 1998:75〕 In order to create the staveless runes, vertical marks (or staves) were dropped from individual letters (or runes). The name "staveless" is not entirely accurate, since the i rune consists of a whole stave and the f, þ, k and the s runes consist of shortened main staves.〔
Since their rediscovery on runestones at Hälsingland〔 in the 17th century, staveless runes have also been known as the Hälsinge runes. This label is, however, misleading since staveless runes also appear in Medelpad, Södermanland, and the Norwegian town of Bergen.〔
==Shape==
The staveless runes may appear hard to recognize at first glance, but the only difference between them and the preceding Younger Futhark is – in fact – their omission of main staves. If main staves are added, it is apparent that the ''a'', ''n'', ''t'', ''l'' and ''s'' runes are identical to their staved predecessors.〔Enoksen 1998:76〕 No ''ã'' rune has been found in inscriptions, but it has been postulated that it was a mirrored form of the ''b'' rune due to pairings indicated in the staveless runes.〔Enoksen 1998:77〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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